rebar3 构建与发布：Erlang 工程化的完整工具箱

%% 方式一：从源码构建（推荐锁定版本）
git clone https://github.com/erlang/rebar3.git
cd rebar3 && ./bootstrap

%% 方式二：用已安装的 rebar3 自举
rebar3 local install && export PATH=$HOME/.cache/rebar3/bin:$PATH
rebar3 version

%% rebar.config
{deps, [
    %% Hex 上的包，指定版本约束
    {cowboy, "2.10.0"},
    {jsx, "3.1.0"},
    {poolboy, "1.5.2"},
    %% git 依赖，可锁定 tag 或 commit
    {recon, {git, "https://github.com/ferd/recon.git", {tag, "2.5.3"}}},
    %% 本地路径依赖（开发期）
    {my_lib, {path, "../my_lib"}}
]}.

%% rebar.lock（自动生成，必须提交到版本控制）
{"1.2.0",
[{<<"cowboy">>,{pkg,<<"cowboy">>,<<"2.10.0">>},0},
 {<<"cowpboy">>,{pkg,<<"cowlib">>,<<"2.12.1">>},1},
 {<<"ranch">>,{pkg,<<"ranch">>,<<"1.8.0">>},1}]}.
[{pkg_hash,[
 {<<"cowboy">>, <<"1E7B...">>},
 {<<"cowlib">>, <<"A1C2...">>}]}].

%% 升级单个依赖并更新锁文件
rebar3 upgrade cowboy

%% 升级所有依赖（危险，需回归测试）
rebar3 upgrade --all

%% 用锁文件精确还原（CI 必用）
rebar3 compile

%% 强制覆盖传递依赖的版本
{overrides, [
    {override, jsx, [{deps, [{jsx, "3.1.0"}]}]},
    {add, my_dep, [{erl_opts, [debug_info]}]}
]}.

%% rebar.config
{erl_opts, [debug_info, warnings_as_errors]}.

{profiles, [
    {test, [
        {erl_opts, [nowarn_export_all]},
        {deps, [{meck, "0.9.2"}]}
    ]},
    {prod, [
        {erl_opts, [no_debug_info, compressed]},
        {relx, [{dev_mode, false}, {include_erts, true}]}
    ]},
    {dev, [
        {erl_opts, [debug_info, {parse_transform, lager_transform}]}
    ]}
]}.

rebar3 as prod,test ct        % 先 prod 后 test，test 优先

%% config/sys.config —— 生产环境配置
[
 {my_service, [
     {port, 8080},
     {db_host, "10.0.1.5"},
     {pool_size, 32}
 ]},
 {kernel, [
     {logger_level, info}
 ]},
 {sasl, [
     {sasl_error_logger, false}
 ]}
].

{erl_opts, [
    debug_info,                    % 保留调试信息（dialyzer/热更新必需）
    warnings_as_errors,            % 警告即错误，CI 强制
    {platform_define, "^2[4-6]", 'OTP_24_PLUS'},
    {i, "include"},                % 追加 include 路径
    {parse_transform, lager_transform}
]}.

%% rebar.config
{escript_name, my_cli}.
{escript_main_module, my_cli_main}.
{escript_incl_apps, [my_service_core]}.

%% src/my_cli_main.erl
-module(my_cli_main).
-export([main/1]).

main(["migrate" | _Args]) ->
    io:format("running migrations...~n"),
    ok = my_service_core:migrate();
main(["--help"]) ->
    io:format("usage: my_cli <migrate|status>~n");
main(Args) ->
    io:format("unknown command: ~p~n", [Args]),
    halt(1).

rebar3 escriptize
./_build/default/bin/my_cli migrate

{relx, [
    {release, {my_service, "1.0.0"}, [
        my_service_core,
        my_service_web,
        sasl
    ]},
    {mode, prod},
    {include_erts, true},          % 内嵌运行时
    {include_src, false},
    {sys_config, "./config/sys.config"},
    {vm_args, "./config/vm.args"},
    {extended_start_script, true}  % 生成增强启动脚本
]}.

bin/my_service start          % 后台启动
bin/my_service foreground     % 前台运行（容器首选）
bin/my_service console        % 带 shell 启动
bin/my_service ping           % 探活
bin/my_service stop           % 优雅停止

%% 热升级：上传新版本 release 目录后
bin/my_service versions && bin/my_service upgrade "1.1.0"
bin/my_service downgrade "1.0.0"

{plugins, [
    {rebar3_lint, "3.2.0"},          % elvis 风格检查
    {rebar3_hex, "7.0.7"},           % Hex 发布
    {rebar3_eqc, "1.1.0"},           % QuickCheck
    {rebar3_ex_doc, "0.2.20"}        % 文档生成
]}.

-module(rebar3_myplugin).
-export([init/1]).

init(State) ->
    Provider = providers:create([
        {name, deploy},
        {module, ?MODULE},
        {bare, true},
        {deps, [app_discovery]},
        {example, "rebar3 deploy"},
        {opts, []},
        {short_desc, "Deploy to remote host"},
        {desc, "Package release and rsync to target"}
    ]),
    {ok, rebar_state:add_provider(State, Provider)}.

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: erlef/setup-beam@v1
        with:
          otp-version: '26.2'
          rebar3-version: '3.23'
      - name: Compile
        run: rebar3 as test compile
      - name: Test
        run: rebar3 as test do eunit, ct
      - name: Dialyzer
        run: rebar3 dialyzer
      - name: Xref
        run: rebar3 xref
      - name: Release
        run: rebar3 as prod release
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release
          path: _build/prod/rel/my_service