模型上下文协议（MCP）完整指南：从 Anthropic 标准到 AI 应用互操作性革命

{
  "uri": "file:///data/sales_report_2024.pdf",
  "mimeType": "application/pdf",
  "name": "2024 Annual Sales Report",
  "description": "公司年度销售报告",
  "size": 2457600
}

{
  "name": "analyze_csv",
  "description": "分析 CSV 文件内容并给出洞察",
  "arguments": [
    {
      "name": "file_path",
      "description": "CSV 文件路径",
      "required": true
    }
  ],
  "messages": [
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": {
        "type": "text",
        "text": "请分析以下 CSV 文件，找出关键趋势：{{file_path}}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

{
  "name": "hello_world",
  "description": "向指定用户打招呼",
  "inputSchema": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "name": { "type": "string" }
    },
    "required": ["name"]
  }
}

{
  "modelHints": ["claude-3-5-sonnet"],
  "messages": [
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": {
        "type": "text",
        "text": "请总结以下内容：..."
      }
    }
  ],
  "maxTokens": 500
}

// 请求
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "method": "tools/list",
  "params": {}
}

// 响应
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": 1,
  "result": {
    "tools": [
      {
        "name": "read_file",
        "description": "读取文件内容",
        "inputSchema": { ... }
      }
    ]
  }
}

# 安装：pip install mcp
from mcp.server import Server, NotificationOptions
from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
from mcp.server.stdio import stdio_server
import mcp.types as types
import asyncio

server = Server("hello-mcp")

@server.list_resources()
async def list_resources() -> list[types.Resource]:
    return [
        types.Resource(
            uri="file:///greeting.txt",
            name="问候语",
            mimeType="text/plain",
            description="一个简单的问候资源",
        )
    ]

@server.read_resource()
async def read_resource(uri: str) -> str:
    if uri == "file:///greeting.txt":
        return "你好！欢迎使用 MCP。"
    raise ValueError(f"未知的资源: {uri}")

@server.list_tools()
async def list_tools() -> list[types.Tool]:
    return [
        types.Tool(
            name="hello_world",
            description="向指定用户名打招呼",
            inputSchema={
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "name": {"type": "string", "description": "用户名"}
                },
                "required": ["name"],
            },
        )
    ]

@server.call_tool()
async def call_tool(name: str, arguments: dict) -> list[types.TextContent]:
    if name == "hello_world":
        return [types.TextContent(type="text", text=f"你好, {arguments['name']}!")]
    raise ValueError(f"未知的工具: {name}")

async def main():
    async with stdio_server(server) as (read_stream, write_stream):
        await server.run(
            read_stream,
            write_stream,
            InitializationOptions(
                server_name="hello-mcp",
                server_version="0.1.0",
                capabilities=server.get_capabilities(),
            ),
        )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

// ~/Library/Application Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "hello-mcp": {
      "command": "python",
      "args": ["/path/to/hello_mcp.py"]
    }
  }
}