https://plumephp.com/tags/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F/Recent content in 正则表达式 on PlumePHPHugozh-CNSun, 15 Jun 2025 14:00:00 +0800https://plumephp.com/lua-string-pattern-matching/Sun, 15 Jun 2025 14:00:00 +0800https://plumephp.com/lua-string-pattern-matching/<h2 id="模式匹配概述">模式匹配概述</h2> <p>Lua 提供了内置的模式匹配功能，虽然不如正则表达式强大，但对大多数文本处理场景已经足够，而且性能优异。模式匹配主要通过四个字符串函数实现：</p> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-lua" data-lang="lua"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">string.find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pattern</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">init</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">plain</span><span class="p">]])</span> <span class="c1">-- 查找第一个匹配</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">string.match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pattern</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">init</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1">-- 返回捕获内容</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">string.gmatch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pattern</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">-- 返回所有匹配的迭代器</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">string.gsub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pattern</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">repl</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="c1">-- 全局替换</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="字符类">字符类</h2> <p>字符类是模式匹配的基础，用于匹配一类字符：</p>